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Constitution of India

The Constitution of India, Explained Simply

Browse every Article of the Constitution — Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties and more — in clean, readable form. Find the Article that protects you and understand what it means.

✓ 465 Articles ✓ 21 Parts ✓ Plain language ✓ 100% free
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Preamble

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION

Landmark Articles Everyone Should Know

Article 14

Equality before law

Article 15

Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth

Article 19

Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc

Article 21

Protection of life and personal liberty

Article 21A

Right to education

Article 32

Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part

Article 44

Uniform civil code for the citizens

Article 51A

Fundamental duties

Article 356

Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States

Article 370

Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir

Browse by Part

Part I · The Union and its Territory

4 articles
Art. 1 Art. 2 Art. 3 Art. 4

Part II · Citizenship

7 articles
Art. 5 Art. 6 Art. 7 Art. 8 Art. 9 Art. 10 Art. 11

Part III · Fundamental Rights

30 articles
Art. 12 Art. 13 Art. 14 Art. 15 Art. 16 Art. 17 Art. 18 Art. 19 Art. 20 Art. 21 Art. 21A Art. 22 Art. 23 Art. 24 Art. 25 Art. 26 Art. 27 Art. 28 Art. 29 Art. 30 Art. 31 Art. 31A Art. 31B Art. 31C Art. 31D Art. 32 Art. 32A Art. 33 Art. 34 Art. 35

Part IV · Directive Principles of State Policy

20 articles
Art. 36 Art. 37 Art. 38 Art. 39 Art. 39A Art. 40 Art. 41 Art. 42 Art. 43 Art. 43A Art. 44 Art. 45 Art. 46 Art. 47 Art. 48 Art. 48A Art. 49 Art. 50 Art. 51 Art. 51A

Part V · The Union

102 articles
Art. 52 Art. 53 Art. 54 Art. 55 Art. 56 Art. 57 Art. 58 Art. 59 Art. 60 Art. 61 Art. 62 Art. 63 Art. 64 Art. 65 Art. 66 Art. 67 Art. 68 Art. 69 Art. 70 Art. 71 Art. 72 Art. 73 Art. 74 Art. 75 Art. 76 Art. 77 Art. 78 Art. 79 Art. 80 Art. 81 Art. 82 Art. 83 Art. 84 Art. 85 Art. 86 Art. 87 Art. 88 Art. 89 Art. 90 Art. 91 Art. 92 Art. 93 Art. 94 Art. 95 Art. 96 Art. 97 Art. 98 Art. 99 Art. 100 Art. 101 Art. 102 Art. 103 Art. 104 Art. 105 Art. 106 Art. 107 Art. 108 Art. 109 Art. 110 Art. 111 Art. 112 Art. 113 Art. 114 Art. 115 Art. 116 Art. 117 Art. 118 Art. 119 Art. 120 Art. 121 Art. 122 Art. 123 Art. 124 Art. 125 Art. 126 Art. 127 Art. 128 Art. 129 Art. 130 Art. 131 Art. 132 Art. 133 Art. 134 Art. 134A Art. 135 Art. 136 Art. 137 Art. 138 Art. 139 Art. 139A Art. 140 Art. 141 Art. 142 Art. 143 Art. 144 Art. 145 Art. 146 Art. 147 Art. 148 Art. 149 Art. 150 Art. 151

Part VI · The States

87 articles
Art. 152 Art. 153 Art. 154 Art. 155 Art. 156 Art. 157 Art. 158 Art. 159 Art. 160 Art. 161 Art. 162 Art. 163 Art. 164 Art. 165 Art. 166 Art. 167 Art. 168 Art. 169 Art. 170 Art. 171 Art. 172 Art. 173 Art. 174 Art. 175 Art. 176 Art. 177 Art. 178 Art. 179 Art. 180 Art. 181 Art. 182 Art. 183 Art. 184 Art. 185 Art. 186 Art. 187 Art. 188 Art. 189 Art. 190 Art. 191 Art. 192 Art. 193 Art. 194 Art. 195 Art. 196 Art. 197 Art. 198 Art. 199 Art. 200 Art. 201 Art. 202 Art. 203 Art. 204 Art. 205 Art. 206 Art. 207 Art. 208 Art. 209 Art. 210 Art. 211 Art. 212 Art. 213 Art. 214 Art. 215 Art. 216 Art. 217 Art. 218 Art. 219 Art. 220 Art. 221 Art. 222 Art. 223 Art. 224 Art. 224A Art. 225 Art. 226 Art. 227 Art. 228 Art. 229 Art. 230 Art. 231 Art. 233 Art. 233A Art. 234 Art. 235 Art. 236 Art. 237

Part VIII · The Union Territories

7 articles
Art. 239 Art. 239 A A Art. 239A Art. 239AB Art. 239B Art. 240 Art. 241

Part IX · The Panchayats

47 articles
Art. 243 Art. 243A Art. 243B Art. 243C Art. 243D Art. 243E Art. 243F Art. 243G Art. 243H Art. 243I Art. 243J Art. 243K Art. 243L Art. 243M Art. 243N Art. 243O Art. 243P Art. 243Q Art. 243R Art. 243S Art. 243T Art. 243U Art. 243V Art. 243W Art. 243X Art. 243Y Art. 243Z Art. 243ZA Art. 243ZB Art. 243ZC Art. 243ZD Art. 243ZE Art. 243ZF Art. 243ZG Art. 243ZH Art. 243ZI Art. 243ZJ Art. 243ZK Art. 243ZL Art. 243ZM Art. 243ZN Art. 243ZO Art. 243ZP Art. 243ZQ Art. 243ZR Art. 243ZS Art. 243ZT

Part X · The Scheduled and Tribal Areas

2 articles
Art. 244 Art. 244A

Part XI · Relations between the Union and the States

20 articles
Art. 245 Art. 246 Art. 246A Art. 247 Art. 248 Art. 249 Art. 250 Art. 251 Art. 252 Art. 253 Art. 254 Art. 255 Art. 256 Art. 257 Art. 258 Art. 258A Art. 260 Art. 261 Art. 262 Art. 263

Part XII · Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits

38 articles
Art. 264 Art. 265 Art. 266 Art. 267 Art. 268 Art. 268A Art. 269 Art. 269A Art. 270 Art. 271 Art. 273 Art. 274 Art. 275 Art. 276 Art. 277 Art. 279 Art. 280 Art. 281 Art. 282 Art. 283 Art. 284 Art. 285 Art. 286 Art. 287 Art. 288 Art. 289 Art. 290 Art. 290A Art. 292 Art. 293 Art. 294 Art. 295 Art. 296 Art. 297 Art. 298 Art. 299 Art. 300 Art. 300A

Part XIII · Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within India

6 articles
Art. 301 Art. 302 Art. 303 Art. 304 Art. 305 Art. 307

Part XIV · Services under the Union and the States

17 articles
Art. 308 Art. 309 Art. 310 Art. 311 Art. 312 Art. 312A Art. 313 Art. 315 Art. 316 Art. 317 Art. 318 Art. 319 Art. 321 Art. 322 Art. 323 Art. 323A Art. 323B

Part XV · Elections

6 articles
Art. 324 Art. 325 Art. 326 Art. 327 Art. 328 Art. 329

Part XVI · Special Provisions for Certain Classes

14 articles
Art. 330 Art. 331 Art. 332 Art. 333 Art. 334 Art. 335 Art. 336 Art. 337 Art. 338 Art. 338A Art. 339 Art. 340 Art. 341 Art. 342

Part XVII · Official Language

11 articles
Art. 343 Art. 344 Art. 345 Art. 346 Art. 347 Art. 348 Art. 349 Art. 350 Art. 350A Art. 350B Art. 351

Part XVIII · Emergency Provisions

9 articles
Art. 352 Art. 353 Art. 354 Art. 355 Art. 356 Art. 357 Art. 358 Art. 359 Art. 360

Part XIX · Miscellaneous

9 articles
Art. 361 Art. 361A Art. 361B Art. 363 Art. 363A Art. 364 Art. 365 Art. 366 Art. 367

Part XX · Amendment of the Constitution

1 articles
Art. 368

Part XXI · Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions

22 articles
Art. 369 Art. 370 Art. 371 Art. 371A Art. 371B Art. 371C Art. 371D Art. 371E Art. 371F Art. 371G Art. 371H Art. 371I Art. 372 Art. 372A Art. 373 Art. 374 Art. 375 Art. 376 Art. 377 Art. 378 Art. 378A Art. 392

Part XXII · Short Title, Commencement and Repeals

4 articles
Art. 393 Art. 394 Art. 394A Art. 395

Understanding the Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the country. It lays down the framework of government, defines the powers of its institutions, and — most importantly for citizens — guarantees a set of Fundamental Rights and lays out Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties. Knowing these Articles helps you understand what the State can and cannot do, and what you can demand as a citizen.

Use this guide to look up any Article by number, or start from the Citizen Rights Guide if you are facing a specific situation — a police stop, unpaid wages, eviction, consumer fraud and more — and want to know which rights and Articles apply.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many Articles are there in the Constitution of India?

The Constitution of India originally had 395 Articles; with amendments it now contains over 450 Articles grouped into Parts and Schedules. This guide lets you browse all 465 entries (including the Preamble) with simple explanations.

What are the Fundamental Rights?

Fundamental Rights are guaranteed under Part III (Articles 12–35). They include the right to equality, freedom of speech, protection of life and personal liberty, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.

Is this the official text of the Constitution?

This is an informational reference compiled from public-domain text of the Constitution of India. For the authoritative version, always refer to the official text published by the Government of India.